View the spread between 3-month LIBOR and Treasury bills, which indicates perceived credit risk.

View data of a measure of the U.S. money supply that includes all components of M1 plus several less-liquid assets.

Copyright, 2016, Automatic Data Processing, Inc. ("ADP").

The observations for the Wilshire 5000 Total Market Full Cap Index represent the daily index value at market close. The market typically closes at 4 PM ET, except for holidays when it sometimes closes early. The total market indexes are total market returns, which do include reinvested dividends. The designation Full Cap for an index signifies a float adjusted market capitalization that includes shares of stock not considered available to "ordinary" investors. Copyright, 2016, Wilshire Associates Incorporated. Reprinted with permission. For more information about the various indexes, visit Wilshire Associates (http://www.wilshire.com/Indexes).

View a measure of the most-liquid assets in the U.S. money supply: cash, checking accounts, traveler's checks, demand deposits, and other checkable deposits.

Starting July 29, 2021, the interest rate on excess reserves (IOER (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/IOER)) and the interest rate on required reserves (IORR (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/IORR)) were replaced with a single rate, the interest rate on reserve balances (IORB (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/IORB)). See the source's announcement (https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/bcreg20210602a.htm) for more details. The interest rate on excess reserves (IOER rate) is determined by the Board of Governors and gives the Federal Reserve an additional tool to conduct monetary policy. See Policy Tools (https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/reqresbalances.htm) for more information.

The Board of Governors discontinued the H.3 statistical release on September 17, 2020. For more information, please see the announcement (https://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/h3.html) posted on August 20, 2020. Series is calculated using data from the H.3 release as Total reserve balances maintained (RESBALNSW) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RESBALNSW) less Reserve balance requirements (RESBALREQW) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RESBALREQW). Effective February 2, 1984, reserve computation and maintenance periods have been changed from weekly to bi-weekly. Series with data prior to February 2, 1984 have different values reported from one week to the next. After February 2, 1984, the value repeats for 2 consecutive weeks. Please note though that this historical concept of "excess reserves" no longer has the same meaning following phase two of the simplification of reserves administration. https://federalregister.gov/a/2012-8562

Data for the period prior to 1994 come from the working paper "A New Federal Funds Rate Target Series: September 27, 1982 - December 31, 1993" (Thornton, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2005, http://research.stlouisfed.org/wp/2005/2005-032.pdf). Due to an error in the paper values from April 2, 1986 - April 20, 1986 were adjusted manually to 7.3125%. Data from 1994 to the present are derived from FOMC meeting transcripts and FOMC meeting statements, http://www.federalreserve.gov/fomc/. Effective December 16, 2008, target rate is reported as a range. Current data at https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DFEDTARU and https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DFEDTARL

View the sum of all currency in circulation outside Reserve Banks and the U.S. Treasury, plus deposits held by depository institutions at Reserve Banks.

On November 17, 2022, Freddie Mac changed the methodology of the Primary Mortgage Market Survey® (PMMS®). The weekly mortgage rate is no longer based on a survey of lenders. For more information regarding Freddie Mac’s enhancement, see their research note (https://www.freddiemac.com/research/insight/20221103-freddie-macs-newly-enhanced-mortgage-rate-survey). Data are provided “as is” by Freddie Mac®, with no warranties of any kind, express or implied, including but not limited to warranties of accuracy or implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Use of the data is at the user’s sole risk. In no event will Freddie Mac be liable for any damages arising out of or related to the data, including but not limited to direct, indirect, incidental, special, consequential, or punitive damages, whether under a contract, tort, or any other theory of liability, even if Freddie Mac is aware of the possibility of such damages. Copyright, 2016, Freddie Mac. Reprinted with permission.

Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: UK Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

The methodology for the St. Louis Fed's Financial Stress Index was revised and this series is discontinued. The new version, STLFSI4, can be found HERE (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/STLFSI4). The STLFSI3 measures the degree of financial stress in the markets and is constructed from 18 weekly data series: seven interest rate series, six yield spreads and five other indicators. Each of these variables captures some aspect of financial stress. Accordingly, as the level of financial stress in the economy changes, the data series are likely to move together. How to Interpret the Index: The average value of the index, which begins in late 1993, is designed to be zero. Thus, zero is viewed as representing normal financial market conditions. Values below zero suggest below-average financial market stress, while values above zero suggest above-average financial market stress. More information: The STLFSI3 is a revision of the STLFSI2 (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/STLFSI2), itself a revision of the original STLFSI (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/STLFSI). Whereas the STLFSI and STLFSI2 used the 3-month LIBOR in two of their yield spreads (https://files.stlouisfed.org/files/htdocs/publications/net/NETJan2010Appendix.pdf), the STLFSI3 now uses the 90-day average SOFR (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/SOFR90DAYAVG) in its place, in deference to concerns about the LIBOR and its subsequent retirement. For more information, see “The St. Louis Fed’s Financial Stress Index, Version 3.0.” (https://fredblog.stlouisfed.org/2022/01/the-st-louis-feds-financial-stress-index-version-3-0/) For information on earlier STLFSIs, see “Measuring Financial Market Stress” (https://files.stlouisfed.org/files/htdocs/publications/es/10/ES1002.pdf) and “The St. Louis Fed’s Financial Stress Index, Version 2.0.” (https://fredblog.stlouisfed.org/2020/03/the-st-louis-feds-financial-stress-index-version-2-0/)

Updates of this series will be ceased on December 19, 2019. There is no direct replacement to this seasonally adjusted series. Interested users can construct a proxy of the series as the ratio of M1 from the H.6 release and the monetary base from the H.3 release. The discontinued series plotted on the same graph with the calculated data can be accessed for comparison here (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=wroO). For more details, see the FRED Announcement (https://news.research.stlouisfed.org/2019/12/discontinuance-of-st-louis-monetary-base-and-reserves-data/).

This series last appeared in the February, 2021 report: NROU (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NROU)), formerly called "Natural Rate of Unemployment (Long-Term)." The natural rate of unemployment (NAIRU) is the rate of unemployment arising from all sources except fluctuations in aggregate demand. Estimates of potential GDP are based on the long-term natural rate. (CBO did not make explicit adjustments to the short-term natural rate for structural factors before the recent downturn.) The short-term natural rate incorporates structural factors that are temporarily boosting the natural rate beginning in 2008. The short-term natural rate is used to gauge the amount of current and projected slack in labor markets, which is a key input into CBO's projections of inflation.

This series is discontinued and will no longer be updated. For alternative data in FRED similar to the discontinued series, see QBPLNTLNNCUR (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/QBPLNTLNNCUR), which is part of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release?rid=482). Additional consolidated data is available on the FDIC's Bank Data and Statistics (https://www.fdic.gov/bank/statistical/). Percentage of nonperforming loans equals total nonperforming loans divided by total loans. Nonperforming loans are those loans that bank managers classify as 90-days or more past due or nonaccrual in the call report. Precisely, total nonperforming loans equals the sum of Total Loans and Lease Finance Receivables, Nonaccrual call item RCFD1403 and Total Loans and Lease Finance Receivables, Past Due 90 Days and More and Still Accruing call item RCFD1407. Total loans equals Total Loans and Leases, Net of Unearned Income call item RCFD2122. Users are advised to use the Federal Reserve Board of Governors' data dictionary (https://www.federalreserve.gov/apps/mdrm/data-dictionary) to retrieve detailed information for specific call items. This series is calculated by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis using raw data that are collected by the FFIEC. Raw data can be found at https://cdr.ffiec.gov/public/.

The observations for the Wilshire 5000 Full Cap Price Index represent the daily index value at market close. The market typically closes at 4 PM ET, except for holidays when it sometimes closes early. The price indexes are price returns, which do not reinvest dividends. The designation Full Cap for an index signifies a float adjusted market capitalization that includes shares of stock not considered available to "ordinary" investors. Copyright, 2016, Wilshire Associates Incorporated. Reprinted with permission. For more information about the various indexes, visit Wilshire Associates (http://www.wilshire.com/Indexes).

The Financial Obligations Ratio is a broader measure than the Debt Service Ratio (TDSP) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/TDSP). It includes rent payments on tenant-occupied property, auto lease payments, homeowners' insurance, and property tax payments. For more information, please visit the Board of Governors (https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/housedebt/about.htm).

This series has been discontinued and will no longer be updated. The institutional money market funds (WIMFSL (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/WIMFSL)) and small-denomination time deposits (WSMTIME (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/WSMTIME)) components used to calculate this series has been discontinued by the Board of Governors and are no longer available in the H.6 statistical release, Money Stock Measures. For further information about the changes to the H.6 statistical release, please see the announcements (https://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/h6.html) provided by the source. M2 less small-denomination time deposits plus institutional money market funds. Money Zero Maturity is calculated by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.

This series is discontinued and will no longer be updated. For alternative data in FRED similar to the discontinued series, see the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release?rid=482). Additional consolidated data is available on the FDIC's Bank Data and Statistics (https://www.fdic.gov/bank/statistical/). The Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis calculates this annualized series as the ratio of Tax-Adjusted Income to Average Earning Assets using raw data as collected by the FFIEC. The source provides this data at https://cdr.ffiec.gov/public/. Tax-adjusted income is the sum of Net Interest Income (call item RIAD4074) and annualized Income/Loss before Income Taxes and Extraordinary Items and Other Adjustments (call item RIAD4301), which is multiplied by the corresponding tax rate based on the annual income level. Currently, Average Earning Assets is computed as the sum of Interest-Bearing Balances (call item RCFD0071); Total Loans and Leases, Net of Unearned Income (call item RCFD2122); Total Trading Assets (call item RCFD3545); Total Held-to-Maturity Securities (call item RCFD1754); Total Amortized Cost of Available-For-Sale Securities (call item RCFD1772); Federal Funds Sold (call item RCONB987); Securities Purchased Under Agreement to Resell (call item RCFDB989). The Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis includes the sum of Federal Funds Sold (call item RCONB987) and Securities Purchased Under Agreement to Resell (call item RCFDB989) in lieu of call item RCFD1350 (Federal Funds Sold and Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell in Domestic Offices of the Bank and of Its Edge and Agreement Subsidiaries, and in International Banking Facilities(IBFs)) beginning in the first quarter of 2002. Before 1993 the Average Earning Assets was the sum of Interest-Bearing Balances (call item RCFD0071); Federal Funds Sold and Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell in Domestic Offices of the Bank and of Its Edge and Agreement Subsidiaries, and in International Banking Facilities(IBFs) (call item RCFD1350); Total Investment Securities at Book Value (call item RCFD0390); Total Loans and Leases, Net of Unearned Income (call item RCFD2122); Total Assets Held in Trading Accounts (call item RCFD2146). Users are advised to use the Federal Reserve Board of Governors' data dictionary (https://www.federalreserve.gov/apps/mdrm/data-dictionary) to retrieve detailed information for specific call items.

The Federal Reserve Board has discontinued this series as of October 31, 2016. More information, including possible alternative series, can be found at http://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/h15.html. Rate paid by fixed-rate payer on an interest rate swap with maturity of ten years. International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA®) mid-market par swap rates. Rates are for a Fixed Rate Payer in return for receiving three month LIBOR, and are based on rates collected at 11:00 a.m. Eastern time by Garban Intercapital plc and published on Reuters Page ISDAFIX®1. ISDAFIX is a registered service mark of ISDA. Source: Reuters Limited.

Averages of daily figures. A weighted average of the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar against the currencies of a broad group of major U.S. trading partners. Broad currency index includes the Euro Area, Canada, Japan, Mexico, China, United Kingdom, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Brazil, Switzerland, Thailand, Philippines, Australia, Indonesia, India, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Sweden, Argentina, Venezuela, Chile and Colombia. For more information about trade-weighted indexes, please refer to the Board of Governors (http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/bulletin/2005/winter05_index.pdf).

The Board of Governors discontinued the H.3 statistical release on September 17, 2020. For more information, please see the announcement (https://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/h3.html) posted on August 20, 2020.

The Mortgage Debt Outstanding table is no longer being updated as of March 2020. Many of the series that were published in this table can be found in the Z1 Financial Accounts of the United States release. The Z1 equivalent of this series is found at ASTMA. (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/ASTMA) For further information, please refer to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System's Mortgage Debt Outstanding (http://www.federalreserve.gov/econresdata/releases/mortoutstand/current.htm).

For details, please see http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h6/hist/ On March 23, 2006, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ceased publication of the M3 monetary aggregate and its components. For more information, please, refer to http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h6/discm3.htm.

The Board of Governors discontinued the H.3 statistical release on September 17, 2020. For more information, please see the announcement (https://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/h3.html) posted on August 20, 2020. Total reserve balances maintained is the amount of balances institutions hold in accounts at Federal Reserve Banks that are available to satisfy reserve requirements. Historically, this series excluded balances held in a reserve account for contractual clearing purposes (contractual clearing balances program has been discontinued on July 12, 2012). Effective February 2, 1984, reserve computation and maintenance periods have been changed from weekly to bi-weekly. Series with data prior to February 2, 1984 have different values reported from one week to the next. After February 2, 1984, the value repeats for 2 consecutive weeks.

This series has been discontinued and will no longer be updated. It has been consolidated under the following series, which will continue to be updated: MDLM (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MDLM). Starting on February 23, 2021, the H.6 statistical release is now published at a monthly frequency and contains only monthly average data needed to construct the monetary aggregates. Components of the monetary aggregates are reported at a total industry level without a breakdown by banks and thrifts. For further information about the changes to the H.6 Statistical Release, see the announcements (https://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/h6.html) provided by the source. The savings deposits component of M2 consists of passbook-type savings deposits as well as MMDAs at banks and thrifts. This item is reported on the FR 2900 and, for institutions that do not file the FR 2900, is estimated using data reported on the Call Reports.

The Board of Governors discontinued the H.3 statistical release on September 17, 2020. For more information, please see the announcement (https://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/h3.html) posted on August 20, 2020. The series equals total balances maintained plus currency in circulation. Effective February 2, 1984, reserve computation and maintenance periods have been changed from weekly to bi-weekly. Series with data prior to February 2, 1984 have different values reported from one week to the next. After February 2, 1984, the value repeats for 2 consecutive weeks.

A weighted average of the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar against a subset of the broad index currencies that circulate widely outside the country of issue. Major currencies index includes the Euro Area, Canada, Japan, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Australia, and Sweden. For more information about trade-weighted indexes visit the Board of Governors (http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/bulletin/2005/winter05_index.pdf).

AMERIBOR® (American Interbank Offered Rate) is a benchmark interest rate based on overnight unsecured loans transacted on the American Financial Exchange (AFX). AMERIBOR® is calculated as the transaction volume weighted average interest rate of the daily transactions in the AMERIBOR® overnight unsecured loan market on the AFX. The arbitrage free AMERIBOR® Term Structure of Interest Rates is derived from the Overnight Unsecured AMERIBOR® Interest Rate (AMERIBOR (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/AMERIBOR)) and the implied AMERIBOR® forward rates from the AMERIBOR® futures prices. More details about AMERIBOR® methodology can be found on the source's website (https://ameribor.net), under the Resources section. AMERIBOR® is a registered trademark of the American Financial Exchange (AFX). © Copyright, American Financial Exchange (AFX). All Rights Reserved.

Starting July 29, 2021, the interest rate on excess reserves (IOER (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/IOER)) and the interest rate on required reserves (IORR (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/IORR)) were replaced with a single rate, the interest rate on reserve balances (IORB (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/IORB)). See the source's announcement (https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/bcreg20210602a.htm) for more details. The interest rate on required reserves (IORR rate) is determined by the Board of Governors and is intended to eliminate effectively the implicit tax that reserve requirements used to impose on depository institutions. See Policy Tools (https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/reqresbalances.htm) for more information.

Effective Date Data before 1975 represent the date of the New York Fed discount rate change, data after 1975 represent the date of the first Federal Reserve bank discount rate change. Source: Board of Governors: Banking and Monetary Statistics, 1914-1941, and 1941-1970; the Annual Statistical Digest, 1970-1979; and the Federal Reserve Bulletin, 1978 - January 8, 2003. Please refer to http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/press/monetary/2003/20030106/default.htm for further information on the discontinuation of this series effective January 9, 2003.

This series has been discontinued and will no longer be updated. The institutional money market funds component (IMFSL (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/IMFSL)) used to calculate MZM has been discontinued by the Board of Governors and is no longer available in the H.6 statistical release, Money Stock Measures. For further information about the changes to the H.6 statistical release, please see the announcements (https://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/h6.html) provided by the source. Calculated as the ratio of quarterly nominal GDP (GDP (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDP)) to the quarterly average of MZM money stock (MZMSL (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MZMSL)). The velocity of money is the frequency at which one unit of currency is used to purchase domestically- produced goods and services within a given time period. In other words, it is the number of times one dollar is spent to buy goods and services per unit of time. If the velocity of money is increasing, then more transactions are occurring between individuals in an economy. The frequency of currency exchange can be used to determine the velocity of a given component of the money supply, providing some insight into whether consumers and businesses are saving or spending their money. There are several components of the money supply,: M1, M2, and MZM (M3 is no longer tracked by the Federal Reserve); these components are arranged on a spectrum of narrowest to broadest. Consider M1, the narrowest component. M1 is the money supply of currency in circulation (notes and coins, traveler’s checks [non-bank issuers], demand deposits, and checkable deposits). A decreasing velocity of M1 might indicate fewer short- term consumption transactions are taking place. We can think of shorter- term transactions as consumption we might make on an everyday basis. The broader M2 component includes M1 in addition to saving deposits, certificates of deposit (less than $100,000), and money market deposits for individuals. Comparing the velocities of M1 and M2 provides some insight into how quickly the economy is spending and how quickly it is saving. MZM (money with zero maturity) is the broadest component and consists of the supply of financial assets redeemable at par on demand: notes and coins in circulation, traveler’s checks (non-bank issuers), demand deposits, other checkable deposits, savings deposits, and all money market funds. The velocity of MZM helps determine how often financial assets are switching hands within the economy.

For more information, see https://www.bls.gov/lpc/hoursdatainfo.htm

AMERIBOR® (American Interbank Offered Rate) is a benchmark interest rate based on overnight unsecured loans transacted on the American Financial Exchange (AFX). AMERIBOR® is calculated as the transaction volume weighted average interest rate of the daily transactions in the AMERIBOR® overnight unsecured loan market on the AFX. The arbitrage free AMERIBOR® Term Structure of Interest Rates is derived from the Overnight Unsecured AMERIBOR® Interest Rate (AMERIBOR (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/AMERIBOR)) and the implied AMERIBOR® forward rates from the AMERIBOR® futures prices. More details about AMERIBOR® methodology can be found on the source's website (https://ameribor.net), under the Resources section. AMERIBOR® is a registered trademark of the American Financial Exchange (AFX). © Copyright, American Financial Exchange (AFX). All Rights Reserved.

This series is discontinued and will no longer be updated. For alternative data in FRED similar to the discontinued series, see the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release?rid=482). Additional consolidated data is available on the FDIC's Bank Data and Statistics (https://www.fdic.gov/bank/statistical/). This series is a ratio of Net Income call item RIAD4340 to Average of Total Equity Capital call item RCFD3210. Data are annualized. Users are advised to use the Federal Reserve Board of Governors' data dictionary (https://www.federalreserve.gov/apps/mdrm/data-dictionary) to retrieve detailed information for specific call items. This series is calculated by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis using raw data that are collected by the FFIEC. Raw data can be found at https://cdr.ffiec.gov/public/.

Weighted average of the rates received on the interest-bearing assets included in M2. The interest-bearing assets include size of the other checkable deposits, thrift saving deposits, money market mutual fund holdings, and small time deposits that are weighted using their corresponding rates. The construction of this series was discontinued as of July 12, 2019. The underlying data can be accessed through the following sources: size of the assets can be obtained from the H.6 release (https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h6/current/default.htm) published by the Board of Governors, rate on the money market mutual funds from iMoneyNet (https://financialintelligence.informa.com/products-and-services/data-analysis-and-tools/imoneynet), and the remaining rates from the Weekly National Rates and Rate Caps (https://www.fdic.gov/regulations/resources/rates/index.html) from the FDIC website. Listing of the sources is provided for informational purposes only: the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis is not associated with any listed private entities and cannot guarantee that the listed data sources will provide the data in the future.

Averages of daily figures. A weighted average of the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar against a subset of the broad index currencies that circulate widely outside the country of issue. Major currency index includes the Euro Area, Canada, Japan, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Australia, and Sweden. For more information about trade-weighted indexes see http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/bulletin/2005/winter05_index.pdf.

The Federal Reserve Board has discontinued this series as of October 11, 2016. More information, including possible alternative series, can be found at http://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/h15.html. Contract interest rates on commitments for fixed-rate first mortgages. Source: Primary Mortgage Market Survey data provided by Freddie Mac. Please refer to the series WMORTG for historical data. Copyright, 2016, Freddie Mac. Reprinted with permission.

Note: The EONIA rate is discontinued and has been replaced with the Euro Short-Term Rate (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/ECBESTRVOLWGTTRMDMNRT). The EONIA (European Overnight Index Average) rate is the closing rate for the overnight maturity calculated by collecting data on unsecured overnight lending in the euro area provided by banks belonging to the EONIA panel. EONIA will be discontinued in January 2022 and will be replaced by the Euro Short-Term Rate; for more details see this bulletin (https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/economic-bulletin/focus/2019/html/ecb.ebbox201907_01~b4d59ec4ee.en.html).

Please see FRED data series UMCSENT for monthly data beginning in January 1978. This data should be cited as follows: "Surveys of Consumers, University of Michigan, University of Michigan: Consumer Sentiment (DISCONTINUED)© [UMCSENT1], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/UMCSENT1/, (Accessed on date)" For more information about the survey, please see: United States, and Bureau of Economic Analysis. Handbook of Cyclical Indicators: A Supplement to the Business Conditions Digest. (1977) p. 31, https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=178 Copyright, 2016, Surveys of Consumers, University of Michigan. Reprinted with permission.

This series is discontinued and will no longer be updated. For alternative data in FRED similar to the discontinued series, see QBPQYNUMINST (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/QBPQYNUMINST), which is part of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release?rid=482). Additional consolidated data is available on the FDIC's Bank Data and Statistics (https://www.fdic.gov/bank/statistical/). This series includes institutions with the Charter Type call item RSSD9048 = 200; and Entity Type call item RSSD9331 = 1. Charter Type call item RSSD9048 = 200 represents Commercial Bank (including depository trust companies, credit card companies with commercial bank charters, private banks, development banks, limited charter banks, and foreign banks) Entity Type call item RSSD9331 = 1 represents Commercial Bank. Users are advised to use the Federal Reserve Board of Governors' data dictionary (https://www.federalreserve.gov/apps/mdrm/data-dictionary) to retrieve detailed information for specific call items. This series is calculated by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis using raw data that are collected by the FFIEC. Raw data can be found at https://cdr.ffiec.gov/public/.

The Federal Reserve Board has discontinued this series as of October 31, 2016. More information, including possible alternative series, can be found at http://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/h15.html. Rate paid by fixed-rate payer on an interest rate swap with maturity of five years. International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA®) mid-market par swap rates. Rates are for a Fixed Rate Payer in return for receiving three month LIBOR, and are based on rates collected at 11:00 a.m. Eastern time by Garban Intercapital plc and published on Reuters Page ISDAFIX®1. ISDAFIX is a registered service mark of ISDA. Source: Reuters Limited.

Averages of daily figures. Series is price adjusted. A weighted average of the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar against the currencies of a broad group of major U.S. trading partners. Broad currency index includes the Euro Area, Canada, Japan, Mexico, China, United Kingdom, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Brazil, Switzerland, Thailand, Philippines, Australia, Indonesia, India, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Sweden, Argentina, Venezuela, Chile and Colombia. For more information about trade-weighted indexes see the Board of Governors methodology (https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/notes/feds-notes/revisions-to-the-federal-reserve-dollar-indexes-20190115.htm).

This series is discontinued and will no longer be updated. For alternative data in FRED similar to the discontinued series, see the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release?rid=482). Additional consolidated data is available on the FDIC's Bank Data and Statistics (https://www.fdic.gov/bank/statistical/). This series is constructed as a sum of Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses call item RCFD3123 and Allocated Transfer Risk Reserves call item RCFD3128 to the Total Loans and Leases, Net of Unearned Income call item RCFD2122. Users are advised to use the Federal Reserve Board of Governors' data dictionary (https://www.federalreserve.gov/apps/mdrm/data-dictionary) to retrieve detailed information for specific call items. This series is calculated by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis using raw data that are collected by the FFIEC. Raw data can be found at https://cdr.ffiec.gov/public/.

Copyright, 2016, Automatic Data Processing, Inc. ("ADP").

This series has been discontinued and will no longer be updated. It has been consolidated under the following series, which will continue to be updated: MDLM (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MDLM). Starting on February 23, 2021, the H.6 statistical release is now published at a monthly frequency and contains only monthly average data needed to construct the monetary aggregates. Components of the monetary aggregates are reported at a total industry level without a breakdown by banks and thrifts. For further information about the changes to the H.6 Statistical Release, see the announcements (https://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/h6.html) provided by the source. Demand deposits plus other checkable deposits. Calculated by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.

This series is discontinued and will no longer be updated. For alternative data in FRED similar to the discontinued series, see the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release?rid=482). Additional consolidated data is available on the FDIC's Bank Data and Statistics (https://www.fdic.gov/bank/statistical/). This series is a ratio of Net Income call item RIAD4340 to Quarterly Average of Total Assets call item RCFD3368. Data are annualized. Users are advised to use the Federal Reserve Board of Governors' data dictionary (https://www.federalreserve.gov/apps/mdrm/data-dictionary) to retrieve detailed information for specific call items. This series is calculated by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis using raw data that are collected by the FFIEC. Raw data can be found at https://cdr.ffiec.gov/public/.

Copyright, 2016, National Association of Realtors. Reprinted with permission. Per the agreement with the source, data in FRED are available for the prior 13 months. Measures the degree to which a typical family can afford the monthly mortgage payments on a typical home. Value of 100 means that a family with the median income has exactly enough income to qualify for a mortgage on a median-priced home. An index above 100 signifies that family earning the median income has more than enough income to qualify for a mortgage loan on a median-priced home, assuming a 20 percent down payment. For example, a composite housing affordability index (COMPHAI) of 120.0 means a family earning the median family income has 120% of the income necessary to qualify for a conventional loan covering 80 percent of a median-priced existing single-family home. An increase in the COMPHAI then shows that this family is more able to afford the median priced home. This index is calculated as composite of the fixed and adjustable rate mortgages.

Averages of daily figures. Noon buying rates in New York City for cable transfers payable in foreign currencies. Starting January 1999 derived using the official fixed euro conversion rates.

This series will no longer be updated. It has been replaced with ECBASSETSW (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/ECBASSETSW) that updates on a weekly basis. Copyright, 2016, European Central Bank (ECB). Reprinted with permission.

For further information, please refer to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System's G.19 release, online at http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g19/.

Prior to 1982 equals the posted price. On August 5, 2013, the Wall Street Journal discontinued publication of some of its commodity energy prices. As a current substitute, see the monthly oil spot prices reported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration at https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MCOILWTICO Copyright, 2016, Dow Jones & Company

This series is no longer being updated by the source. More information regarding the changes may be found on both the initial</> and <a href="https://cdn.cboe.com/resources/release_notes/2021/VXO-and-VXHYG-Indices-Consultation-Notice-Final-_v3.pdf"> the final (https://cdn.cboe.com/resources/release_notes/2021/VXO-and-VXHYG-Indices-Consultation-Summary.pdf) announcement pages.

The national rate is calculated by the FDIC as a simple average of rates paid (uses annual percentage yield) by all insured depository institutions and branches for which data are available. Data used to calculate the national rates are gathered by RateWatch. Savings and interest checking account rates are based on the $2,500 product tier while money market and certificate of deposit are based on the $10,000 and $100,000 product tiers for non-jumbo and jumbo accounts, respectively. Account types and maturities are those most commonly offered by the banks and branches for which data is available- no fewer than 49,000 locations and as many as 81,000 locations reported. The deposit rates of credit unions are not included in the calculation.(http://www.fdic.gov/regulations/resources/rates/) For more information, see the FDIC's Financial Institution Letter FIL-25-2009 issued on May 29, 2009 at http://www.fdic.gov/news/news/financial/2009/fil09025.html.

By definition, nonborrowed reserves are equal to total reserves minus borrowed reserves. Borrowed reserves are equal to the sum of credit extended through the Federal Reserve's regular discount window programs and credit extended through certain Federal Reserve liquidity facilities. Total borrowings from the Federal Reserve are presented in table 1a of the release. Over much of 2008, in order to maintain a level of total reserves consistent with the Federal Open Market Committee's objective for the federal funds rate, increases in borrowed reserves were offset through a nearly commensurate decrease in nonborrowed reserves, which was accomplished through a reduction in the Federal Reserve's holdings of securities and other assets. The negative level of nonborrowed reserves was an arithmetic result of the fact that borrowings from the Federal Reserve liquidity facilities were larger than total reserves. This series has been discontinued. As of July 11, 2013 data in the new H.3 statistical release are no longer adjusted for regulatory changes in reserve requirements and are no longer seasonally adjusted. You can access the not seasonally adjusted series at https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NONBORRES.

AMERIBOR® (American Interbank Offered Rate) is a benchmark interest rate based on overnight unsecured loans transacted on the American Financial Exchange (AFX). AMERIBOR® is calculated as the transaction volume weighted average interest rate of the daily transactions in the AMERIBOR® overnight unsecured loan market on the AFX. The arbitrage free AMERIBOR® Term Structure of Interest Rates is derived from the Overnight Unsecured AMERIBOR® Interest Rate (AMERIBOR (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/AMERIBOR)) and the implied AMERIBOR® forward rates from the AMERIBOR® futures prices. More details about AMERIBOR® methodology can be found on the source's website (https://ameribor.net), under the Resources section. AMERIBOR® is a registered trademark of the American Financial Exchange (AFX). © Copyright, American Financial Exchange (AFX). All Rights Reserved.

The Federal Reserve Board has discontinued this series as of October 11, 2016. More information, including possible alternative series, can be found at http://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/h15.html. Annualized using a 360-day year or bank interest. Source: Bloomberg and CTRB ICAP Fixed Income & Money Market Products.

The Federal Reserve Board of Governors does not report responses to CD Bids when the number of respondents is too few to be representative.

This series has been discontinued and will no longer be updated. It was a duplicate of the following series, which will continue to be updated: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/WSHOMCB The current face value of mortgage-backed obligations held by Federal Reserve Banks. These securities are guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or Ginnie Mae.