FRED Graph
Add data series to graph:
Data in this graph are copyrighted. Please review the copyright information in the series notes before sharing.
NOTES
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Release: Consumer Price Index
Units: Index 1982-1984=100, Seasonally Adjusted
Frequency: Monthly
Notes:
The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items (CPIAUCSL) is a price index of a basket of goods and services paid by urban consumers. Percent changes in the price index measure the inflation rate between any two time periods. The most common inflation metric is the percent change from one year ago. It can also represent the buying habits of urban consumers. This particular index includes roughly 88 percent of the total population, accounting for wage earners, clerical workers, technical workers, self-employed, short-term workers, unemployed, retirees, and those not in the labor force.
The CPIs are based on prices for food, clothing, shelter, and fuels; transportation fares; service fees (e.g., water and sewer service); and sales taxes. Prices are collected monthly from about 4,000 housing units and approximately 26,000 retail establishments across 87 urban areas. To calculate the index, price changes are averaged with weights representing their importance in the spending of the particular group. The index measures price changes (as a percent change) from a predetermined reference date. In addition to the original unadjusted index distributed, the Bureau of Labor Statistics also releases a seasonally adjusted index. The unadjusted series reflects all factors that may influence a change in prices. However, it can be very useful to look at the seasonally adjusted CPI, which removes the effects of seasonal changes, such as weather, school year, production cycles, and holidays.
The CPI can be used to recognize periods of inflation and deflation. Significant increases in the CPI within a short time frame might indicate a period of inflation, and significant decreases in CPI within a short time frame might indicate a period of deflation. However, because the CPI includes volatile food and oil prices, it might not be a reliable measure of inflationary and deflationary periods. For a more accurate detection, the core CPI (CPILFESL) is often used. When using the CPI, please note that it is not applicable to all consumers and should not be used to determine relative living costs. Additionally, the CPI is a statistical measure vulnerable to sampling error since it is based on a sample of prices and not the complete average.
For more information on the consumer price indexes, see:
Bureau of Economic Analysis. "CPI Detailed Report." 2013.
Handbook of Methods
Understanding the CPI: Frequently Asked Questions
Suggested Citation:
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average [CPIAUCSL], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPIAUCSL, January 11, 2025.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Release: Gross Domestic Product
Units: Index 2017=100, Seasonally Adjusted
Frequency: Quarterly
Notes:
BEA Account Code: A191RD
The number of decimal places reported varies over time. A Guide to the National Income and Product Accounts of the United States (NIPA).
Suggested Citation:
U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Gross Domestic Product: Implicit Price Deflator [GDPDEF], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPDEF, January 11, 2025.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Release: Gross Domestic Product
Units: Index 2017=100, Seasonally Adjusted
Frequency: Quarterly
Notes:
BEA Account Code: DPCERG
A Guide to the National Income and Product Accounts of the United States (NIPA) - (http://www.bea.gov/national/pdf/nipaguid.pdf)
Suggested Citation:
U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Personal Consumption Expenditures: Chain-type Price Index [PCECTPI], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PCECTPI, January 11, 2025.
RELEASE TABLES
- Table 1.1.4. Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product: Quarterly
- Table 1.1.9. Implicit Price Deflators for Gross Domestic Product: Quarterly
- Table 1.5.4. Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product, Expanded Detail: Quarterly
- Table 1.6.4. Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Purchases: Quarterly
- Table 2.3.4. Price Indexes for Personal Consumption Expenditures by Major Type of Product: Quarterly
RELATED DATA AND CONTENT
Data Suggestions Based On Your Search
Content Suggestions
Other Formats
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average
Monthly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Semiannual, Not Seasonally AdjustedGross Domestic Product: Implicit Price Deflator
Percent Change from Preceding Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted Percent Change from Preceding Period, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual RatePersonal Consumption Expenditures: Chain-type Price Index
Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted Monthly, Seasonally Adjusted