?************************************** ?This program is used in ?"Why Are Stock Market Returns Correlated With Future Economic Activities?" ?By Hui Guo, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, March/April 2002 ?*************************************** ?**********NOTE***************** ?Data need to be loaded ?******************************* ?*********Variable Description************** ?cay: consumption wealth ratio ?dy: dividend yield ?rrfl: the stochastically detrended risk-free rate ?var: the Stock market variance ?ret: excess stock market return ?hedge: expected excess stock market return ?hr: shock to expected excess stock market return ?divr: shock to expected dividend growth ?FPI: FIXED NON-RESIDENTIAL INVESTMENT, TABLE 4 ?NONDUR: NON-DURABLE CONSUMPTION, EXLCUDING SHOES AND CLOTHES, TABLE 5 ?DURC: DURABLE CONSUMPTION, TABLE 6 ?FRI: FIXED RESIDENTIAL INVESTMENT, TABLE 7 ?dGDP: GDP GROWTH, TABLE 8 ?********************************************* options crt; freq q; noprint; load; print; smpl 1952:4 2000:4; write(file=guo1.wks,format=lotus) cay dy rrfl var ret; smpl 1947:2 2000:4; write(file=guo2.wks,format=lotus) fri nondur durc fri dgdp; ?************select component of gdp**************** ?FPI: FIXED NON-RESIDENTIAL INVESTMENT, TABLE 4 ?NONDUR: NON-DURABLE AND CONSUMPTION, EXLCUDING SHOES AND CLOTHES, TABLE 5 ?DURC: DURABLE CONSUMPTIONS, TABLE 6 ?FRI: FIXED RESIDENTIAL INVESTMENT, TABLE 7 ?dGDP: GDP GROWTH, TABLE 8 SMPL 1947:2 2000:4; ?genr dgdp=durc; ?choose gdp component, i.e. fixed residential investment(FRI) ?*************************************************** ?*********table 1********************* frml eqret ret=aa+bb*ret(-1)+cc*dy(-1)+dd*rrfl(-1)+ee*cay(-1)+ff*var(-1); ?excess return equation freq q; smpl 1953:1 2000:4; ?*******row 1 const aa 0 bb 0 cc 0 dd 0 ee 0 ff 0; param aa; param bb; gmm(inst=(c,ret(-1)), nma=12) eqret; ?********row 2 const aa 0 bb 0 cc 0 dd 0 ee 0 ff 0; param aa; param cc; gmm(inst=(c,dy(-1)), nma=12) eqret; ?********row 3 const aa 0 bb 0 cc 0 dd 0 ee 0 ff 0; param aa; param dd; gmm(inst=(c,rrfl(-1)), nma=12) eqret; ?********row 4 const aa 0 bb 0 cc 0 dd 0 ee 0 ff 0; param aa; param ee; gmm(inst=(c,cay(-1)), nma=12) eqret; ?********row 5 const aa 0 bb 0 cc 0 dd 0 ee 0 ff 0; param aa; param ff; gmm(inst=(c,var(-1)), nma=12) eqret; ?********row 6 const aa 0 bb 0 cc 0 dd 0 ee 0 ff 0; param aa; param bb cc dd ee; gmm(inst=(c,cay(-1),rrfl(-1),dy(-1),ret(-1)), nma=12) eqret; ?********row 7 const aa 0 bb 0 cc 0 dd 0 ee 0 ff 0; param aa; param bb cc dd ee ff; gmm(inst=(c,cay(-1),rrfl(-1),dy(-1),var(-1),ret(-1)), nma=12) eqret; genr eqret HEDGE; ?expected excess return ?********************************************************************* ?*************table 2****************** frml eqvola var=aa+bb*ret(-1)+cc*dy(-1)+dd*rrfl(-1)+ee*cay(-1)+ff*var(-1); ?variance equation frml eqdya dy=aa+bb*ret(-1)+cc*dy(-1)+dd*rrfl(-1)+ee*cay(-1)+ff*var(-1); ?dividend equation frml eqrrfla rrfl=aa+bb*ret(-1)+cc*dy(-1)+dd*rrfl(-1)+ee*cay(-1)+ff*var(-1); ?rrfl equation frml eqcaya cay=aa+bb*ret(-1)+cc*dy(-1)+dd*rrfl(-1)+ee*cay(-1)+ff*var(-1); ?cay equation smpl 1953:1 2000:4; gmm(inst=(c,cay(-1),rrfl(-1),dy(-1),var(-1),ret(-1)), nma=12) eqdya; gmm(inst=(c,cay(-1),rrfl(-1),dy(-1),var(-1),ret(-1)), nma=12) eqrrfla; gmm(inst=(c,cay(-1),rrfl(-1),dy(-1),var(-1),ret(-1)), nma=12) eqcaya; gmm(inst=(c,cay(-1),rrfl(-1),dy(-1),var(-1),ret(-1)), nma=12) eqvola; ?***************************************************************************** ?*****************************Table 3********** SMPL 1953:1 2000:4; var(nlags=1, silent) ret dy rrfl cay var |c; freq n; ?generate matrix B smpl 1 30; unmake @coef acoef; smpl 1 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 25 29; mmake aaM acoef; mform(nrow=5, ncol=5) bbM=aaM; mat bbM=bbM'; copy @res resm; mat resm=resm'; mat rev=.99*bbM* ((ident(5)-.99*bbM)")*resm; mat rev=rev'; freq q; smpl 1953:1 2000:4; unmake rev HR rev2 rev3 rev4 rev5; GENR HR=-HR; ?hr is the shock to the expected return GENR DIVR=RET-HEDGE-HR; ?divr is the shock to dividend genr tshock=ret-hedge; ?tshock is the total shock ?annualized covariance and correlation of excess return and its components genr aret=4*ret; genr ahedge=4*hedge; genr ahr=4*hr; genr adivr=4*divr; MSD(COVA, CORR) aRET aHEDGE aHR aDIVR; ?****************************************************************** ?******************figure 1-4 ?write(file=fig1.wks, format=lotus) RETQ HEDGE HR DIVR; ?******************************************************************* ?*****************Tables 4-8, choose the gdp component from above ?generate gdp growth rate over certain horizon smpl 1953:2 2000:4; genr dgdp2=dgdp+dgdp(1); ?for example, dgdpx is gdp growth over next x quarters. genr dgdp3=dgdp2+dgdp(2); genr dgdp4=dgdp3+dgdp(3); genr dgdp5=dgdp4+dgdp(4); genr dgdp6=dgdp5+dgdp(5); genr dgdp7=dgdp6+dgdp(6); genr dgdp8=dgdp7+dgdp(7); genr dgdp9=dgdp8+dgdp(8); genr dgdp10=dgdp9+dgdp(9); genr dgdp11=dgdp10+dgdp(10); genr dgdp12=dgdp11+dgdp(11); genr dgdp13=dgdp12+dgdp(12); genr dgdp14=dgdp13+dgdp(13); genr dgdp15=dgdp14+dgdp(14); genr dgdp16=dgdp15+dgdp(15); ?form forecasting equations param aa bb cc dd ee ff gg hh; ?excess return as the only forecasting varibles frml eqr1 dgdp=aa+bb*ret(-1); frml eqr2 dgdp2=aa+bb*ret(-1); frml eqr3 dgdp3=aa+bb*ret(-1); frml eqr4 dgdp4=aa+bb*ret(-1); frml eqr5 dgdp5=aa+bb*ret(-1); frml eqr6 dgdp6=aa+bb*ret(-1); frml eqr7 dgdp7=aa+bb*ret(-1); frml eqr8 dgdp8=aa+bb*ret(-1); frml eqr9 dgdp9=aa+bb*ret(-1); frml eqr10 dgdp10=aa+bb*ret(-1); frml eqr11 dgdp11=aa+bb*ret(-1); frml eqr12 dgdp12=aa+bb*ret(-1); frml eqr13 dgdp13=aa+bb*ret(-1); frml eqr14 dgdp14=aa+bb*ret(-1); frml eqr15 dgdp15=aa+bb*ret(-1); frml eqr16 dgdp16=aa+bb*ret(-1); ?expected return as the only forecasting variables frml eqh1 dgdp=aa+bb*hedge(-1); frml eqh2 dgdp2=aa+bb*hedge(-1); frml eqh3 dgdp3=aa+bb*hedge(-1); frml eqh4 dgdp4=aa+bb*hedge(-1); frml eqh5 dgdp5=aa+bb*hedge(-1); frml eqh6 dgdp6=aa+bb*hedge(-1); frml eqh7 dgdp7=aa+bb*hedge(-1); frml eqh8 dgdp8=aa+bb*hedge(-1); frml eqh9 dgdp9=aa+bb*hedge(-1); frml eqh10 dgdp10=aa+bb*hedge(-1); frml eqh11 dgdp11=aa+bb*hedge(-1); frml eqh12 dgdp12=aa+bb*hedge(-1); frml eqh13 dgdp13=aa+bb*hedge(-1); frml eqh14 dgdp14=aa+bb*hedge(-1); frml eqh15 dgdp15=aa+bb*hedge(-1); frml eqh16 dgdp16=aa+bb*hedge(-1); ?shock to expected return as the only forecasting variables frml eqhr1 dgdp=aa+bb*hr(-1); frml eqhr2 dgdp2=aa+bb*hr(-1); frml eqhr3 dgdp3=aa+bb*hr(-1); frml eqhr4 dgdp4=aa+bb*hr(-1); frml eqhr5 dgdp5=aa+bb*hr(-1); frml eqhr6 dgdp6=aa+bb*hr(-1); frml eqhr7 dgdp7=aa+bb*hr(-1); frml eqhr8 dgdp8=aa+bb*hr(-1); frml eqhr9 dgdp9=aa+bb*hr(-1); frml eqhr10 dgdp10=aa+bb*hr(-1); frml eqhr11 dgdp11=aa+bb*hr(-1); frml eqhr12 dgdp12=aa+bb*hr(-1); frml eqhr13 dgdp13=aa+bb*hr(-1); frml eqhr14 dgdp14=aa+bb*hr(-1); frml eqhr15 dgdp15=aa+bb*hr(-1); frml eqhr16 dgdp16=aa+bb*hr(-1); ?shock to dividend as the only forecasting variables frml eqdr1 dgdp=aa+bb*divr(-1); frml eqdr2 dgdp2=aa+bb*divr(-1); frml eqdr3 dgdp3=aa+bb*divr(-1); frml eqdr4 dgdp4=aa+bb*divr(-1); frml eqdr5 dgdp5=aa+bb*divr(-1); frml eqdr6 dgdp6=aa+bb*divr(-1); frml eqdr7 dgdp7=aa+bb*divr(-1); frml eqdr8 dgdp8=aa+bb*divr(-1); frml eqdr9 dgdp9=aa+bb*divr(-1); frml eqdr10 dgdp10=aa+bb*divr(-1); frml eqdr11 dgdp11=aa+bb*divr(-1); frml eqdr12 dgdp12=aa+bb*divr(-1); frml eqdr13 dgdp13=aa+bb*divr(-1); frml eqdr14 dgdp14=aa+bb*divr(-1); frml eqdr15 dgdp15=aa+bb*divr(-1); frml eqdr16 dgdp16=aa+bb*divr(-1); ?total shock as the only forecasting variables frml eqts1 dgdp=aa+bb*tshock(-1); frml eqts2 dgdp2=aa+bb*tshock(-1); frml eqts3 dgdp3=aa+bb*tshock(-1); frml eqts4 dgdp4=aa+bb*tshock(-1); frml eqts5 dgdp5=aa+bb*tshock(-1); frml eqts6 dgdp6=aa+bb*tshock(-1); frml eqts7 dgdp7=aa+bb*tshock(-1); frml eqts8 dgdp8=aa+bb*tshock(-1); frml eqts9 dgdp9=aa+bb*tshock(-1); frml eqts10 dgdp10=aa+bb*tshock(-1); frml eqts11 dgdp11=aa+bb*tshock(-1); frml eqts12 dgdp12=aa+bb*tshock(-1); frml eqts13 dgdp13=aa+bb*tshock(-1); frml eqts14 dgdp14=aa+bb*tshock(-1); frml eqts15 dgdp15=aa+bb*tshock(-1); frml eqts16 dgdp16=aa+bb*tshock(-1); ?all components as the forecasting variables frml eqt1 dgdp=aa+bb*hedge(-1) +cc*hr(-1) +dd*divr(-1); frml eqt2 dgdp2=aa+bb*hedge(-1) +cc*hr(-1) +dd*divr(-1); frml eqt3 dgdp3=aa+bb*hedge(-1) +cc*hr(-1) +dd*divr(-1); frml eqt4 dgdp4=aa+bb*hedge(-1) +cc*hr(-1) +dd*divr(-1); frml eqt5 dgdp5=aa+bb*hedge(-1) +cc*hr(-1) +dd*divr(-1); frml eqt6 dgdp6=aa+bb*hedge(-1) +cc*hr(-1) +dd*divr(-1); frml eqt7 dgdp7=aa+bb*hedge(-1) +cc*hr(-1) +dd*divr(-1); frml eqt8 dgdp8=aa+bb*hedge(-1) +cc*hr(-1) +dd*divr(-1); frml eqt9 dgdp9=aa+bb*hedge(-1) +cc*hr(-1) +dd*divr(-1); frml eqt10 dgdp10=aa+bb*hedge(-1) +cc*hr(-1) +dd*divr(-1); frml eqt11 dgdp11=aa+bb*hedge(-1) +cc*hr(-1) +dd*divr(-1); frml eqt12 dgdp12=aa+bb*hedge(-1) +cc*hr(-1) +dd*divr(-1); frml eqt13 dgdp13=aa+bb*hedge(-1) +cc*hr(-1) +dd*divr(-1); frml eqt14 dgdp14=aa+bb*hedge(-1) +cc*hr(-1) +dd*divr(-1); frml eqt15 dgdp15=aa+bb*hedge(-1) +cc*hr(-1) +dd*divr(-1); frml eqt16 dgdp16=aa+bb*hedge(-1) +cc*hr(-1) +dd*divr(-1); ?set all parameters to be the same in above equation, test ?coefficients of components are the same frml seqt1 dgdp=aa+ee*hedge(-1) +ee*hr(-1) +ee*divr(-1); frml seqt2 dgdp2=aa+ee*hedge(-1) +ee*hr(-1) +ee*divr(-1); frml seqt3 dgdp3=aa+ee*hedge(-1) +ee*hr(-1) +ee*divr(-1); frml seqt4 dgdp4=aa+ee*hedge(-1) +ee*hr(-1) +ee*divr(-1); frml seqt5 dgdp5=aa+ee*hedge(-1) +ee*hr(-1) +ee*divr(-1); frml seqt6 dgdp6=aa+ee*hedge(-1) +ee*hr(-1) +ee*divr(-1); frml seqt7 dgdp7=aa+ee*hedge(-1) +ee*hr(-1) +ee*divr(-1); frml seqt8 dgdp8=aa+ee*hedge(-1) +ee*hr(-1) +ee*divr(-1); frml seqt9 dgdp9=aa+ee*hedge(-1) +ee*hr(-1) +ee*divr(-1); frml seqt10 dgdp10=aa+ee*hedge(-1) +ee*hr(-1) +ee*divr(-1); frml seqt11 dgdp11=aa+ee*hedge(-1) +ee*hr(-1) +ee*divr(-1); frml seqt12 dgdp12=aa+ee*hedge(-1) +ee*hr(-1) +ee*divr(-1); frml seqt13 dgdp13=aa+ee*hedge(-1) +ee*hr(-1) +ee*divr(-1); frml seqt14 dgdp14=aa+ee*hedge(-1) +ee*hr(-1) +ee*divr(-1); frml seqt15 dgdp15=aa+ee*hedge(-1) +ee*hr(-1) +ee*divr(-1); frml seqt16 dgdp16=aa+ee*hedge(-1) +ee*hr(-1) +ee*divr(-1); smpl 1953:2 1997:1; ? fix the sample for all horizons gmm(inst=(c,ret(-1)), nma=12) eqr1; gmm(inst=(c,ret(-1)), nma=12) eqr2; ?gmm(inst=(c,ret(-1)), nma=12) eqr3; gmm(inst=(c,ret(-1)), nma=12) eqr4; ?gmm(inst=(c,ret(-1)), nma=12) eqr5; ?gmm(inst=(c,ret(-1)), nma=12) eqr6; ?gmm(inst=(c,ret(-1)), nma=12) eqr7; gmm(inst=(c,ret(-1)), nma=12) eqr8; ?gmm(inst=(c,ret(-1)), nma=12) eqr9; ?gmm(inst=(c,ret(-1)), nma=12) eqr10; ?gmm(inst=(c,ret(-1)), nma=12) eqr11; gmm(inst=(c,ret(-1)), nma=12) eqr12; ?gmm(inst=(c,ret(-1)), nma=12) eqr13; ?gmm(inst=(c,ret(-1)), nma=12) eqr14; ?gmm(inst=(c,ret(-1)), nma=12) eqr15; gmm(inst=(c,ret(-1)), nma=12) eqr16; gmm(inst=(c,hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqh1; gmm(inst=(c,hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqh2; ?gmm(inst=(c,hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqh3; gmm(inst=(c,hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqh4; ?gmm(inst=(c,hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqh5; ?gmm(inst=(c,hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqh6; ?gmm(inst=(c,hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqh7; gmm(inst=(c,hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqh8; ?gmm(inst=(c,hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqh9; ?gmm(inst=(c,hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqh10; ?gmm(inst=(c,hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqh11; gmm(inst=(c,hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqh12; ?gmm(inst=(c,hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqh13; ?gmm(inst=(c,hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqh14; ?gmm(inst=(c,hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqh15; gmm(inst=(c,hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqh16; gmm(inst=(c,hr(-1)), nma=12) eqhr1; gmm(inst=(c,hr(-1)), nma=12) eqhr2; ?gmm(inst=(c,hr(-1)), nma=12) eqhr3; gmm(inst=(c,hr(-1)), nma=12) eqhr4; ?gmm(inst=(c,hr(-1)), nma=12) eqhr5; ?gmm(inst=(c,hr(-1)), nma=12) eqhr6; ?gmm(inst=(c,hr(-1)), nma=12) eqhr7; gmm(inst=(c,hr(-1)), nma=12) eqhr8; ?gmm(inst=(c,hr(-1)), nma=12) eqhr9; ?gmm(inst=(c,hr(-1)), nma=12) eqhr10; ?gmm(inst=(c,hr(-1)), nma=12) eqhr11; gmm(inst=(c,hr(-1)), nma=12) eqhr12; ?gmm(inst=(c,hr(-1)), nma=12) eqhr13; ?gmm(inst=(c,hr(-1)), nma=12) eqhr14; ?gmm(inst=(c,hr(-1)), nma=12) eqhr15; gmm(inst=(c,hr(-1)), nma=12) eqhr16; gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1)), nma=12) eqdr1; gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1)), nma=12) eqdr2; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1)), nma=12) eqdr3; gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1)), nma=12) eqdr4; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1)), nma=12) eqdr5; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1)), nma=12) eqdr6; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1)), nma=12) eqdr7; gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1)), nma=12) eqdr8; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1)), nma=12) eqdr9; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1)), nma=12) eqdr10; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1)), nma=12) eqdr11; gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1)), nma=12) eqdr12; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1)), nma=12) eqdr13; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1)), nma=12) eqdr14; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1)), nma=12) eqdr15; gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1)), nma=12) eqdr16; gmm(inst=(c,tshock(-1)), nma=12) eqts1; gmm(inst=(c,tshock(-1)), nma=12) eqts2; ?gmm(inst=(c,tshock(-1)), nma=12) eqts3; gmm(inst=(c,tshock(-1)), nma=12) eqts4; ?gmm(inst=(c,tshock(-1)), nma=12) eqts5; ?gmm(inst=(c,tshock(-1)), nma=12) eqts6; ?gmm(inst=(c,tshock(-1)), nma=12) eqts7; gmm(inst=(c,tshock(-1)), nma=12) eqts8; ?gmm(inst=(c,tshock(-1)), nma=12) eqts9; ?gmm(inst=(c,tshock(-1)), nma=12) eqts10; ?gmm(inst=(c,tshock(-1)), nma=12) eqts11; gmm(inst=(c,tshock(-1)), nma=12) eqts12; ?gmm(inst=(c,tshock(-1)), nma=12) eqts13; ?gmm(inst=(c,tshock(-1)), nma=12) eqts14; ?gmm(inst=(c,tshock(-1)), nma=12) eqts15; gmm(inst=(c,tshock(-1)), nma=12) eqts16; gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1) ,hr(-1), hedge(-1)),nma=12) eqt1; gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1) ,hr(-1), hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqt2; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1) ,hr(-1), hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqt3; gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1) ,hr(-1), hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqt4; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1) ,hr(-1), hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqt5; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1) ,hr(-1), hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqt6; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1) ,hr(-1), hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqt7; gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1) ,hr(-1), hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqt8; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1) ,hr(-1), hedge(-1)),nma=12) eqt9; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1) ,hr(-1), hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqt10; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1) ,hr(-1), hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqt11; gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1) ,hr(-1), hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqt12; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1) ,hr(-1), hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqt13; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1) ,hr(-1), hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqt14; ?gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1) ,hr(-1), hedge(-1)), nma=12) eqt15; gmm(inst=(c,divr(-1) ,hr(-1), hedge(-1)) nma=12) eqt16; ?***********lr test of equation coefficient freq q; smpl 1953:2 1997:1; lsq eqt1; freq n; smpl 1 1; genr lr1=@logl; freq q; smpl 1953:2 1997:1; lsq eqt2; freq n; smpl 2 2; genr lr1=@logl; freq q; smpl 1953:2 1997:1; lsq eqt4; freq n; smpl 3 3; genr lr1=@logl; freq q; smpl 1953:2 1997:1; lsq eqt8; freq n; smpl 4 4; genr lr1=@logl; freq q; smpl 1953:2 1997:1; lsq eqt12; freq n; smpl 5 5; genr lr1=@logl; freq q; smpl 1953:2 1997:1; lsq eqt16; freq n; smpl 6 6; genr lr1=@logl; freq q; smpl 1953:2 1997:1; lsq seqt1; freq n; smpl 1 1; genr lr2=@logl; freq q; smpl 1953:2 1997:1; lsq seqt2; freq n; smpl 2 2; genr lr2=@logl; freq q; smpl 1953:2 1997:1; lsq seqt4; freq n; smpl 3 3; genr lr2=@logl; freq q; smpl 1953:2 1997:1; lsq seqt8; freq n; smpl 4 4; genr lr2=@logl; freq q; smpl 1953:2 1997:1; lsq seqt12; freq n; smpl 5 5; genr lr2=@logl; freq q; smpl 1953:2 1997:1; lsq seqt16; freq n; smpl 6 6; genr lr2=@logl; smpl 1 6; genr lrtest=(lr1-lr2)*2; cdf(chisq,df=2) lrtest; print lrtest; ?*************************************************************** stop; end; freq q; smpl 1952:4 2000:4; load cay dy rrfl var ret; ; smpl 1947:2 2000:4; load FPI NONDUR DURC FRI DGDP; ;